Treatment of intertrochanteric fractures using cephalomedullary nail: One or two cephalic screws?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of cut-out, cut-in, cut-through, Z-effect, and reverse Z-effect in two cephalomedullary nail (CMN) systems: one with single cephalic screw fixation and the other with dual-screw fixation using a lag screw and an anti-rotation screw. METHODS: A retrospective study from a cohort of patients was conducted between January 2017 and August 2019 in patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with osteosynthesis using CMN. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-six patients with intertrochanteric fractures who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The median age was 81 years [interquartile range (IQR) 12]. Seventy-six percent had fractures classified as Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (OTA/AO) 31A2. Twenty-one mechanical complications occurred, 8.7% (17) was cut-out with a single cephalic screw CMN and 2% (4) was Z-effect with a dual-screw CMN non-integrated. The median tip-apex distance (TAD) was 19.4 mm (IQR 10.8) in patients who experienced cut-out and 19 mm (IQR 10) in those who experienced Z-effect. The median time to cut-out occurrence was 39,5 days (IQR 47,5), while the median time to Z-effect was 90 days (IQR 86). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of osteosynthesis failure using CMN is more frequent in patients treated with a single cephalic screw CMN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level III.

Reparos anatómicos del origen del músculo supinador y sus implicaciones en el tratamiento del dolor lateral de codo / Anatomical Repair of the Supinator Muscle Origin and Its Implications in the Treatment of Lateral Elbow Pain

Introducción: en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la epicondilitis se han descrito varios procedimientos encaminados a resecar el origen del extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). Un porcentaje de pacientes que reciben tratamiento quirúrgico continúa con dolor, siendo una posible causa la compresión del nervio interóseo posterior. Objetivo: describir el origen de las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador y la relación entre estas y el origen del ECBR a nivel del epicóndilo lateral. Métodos: disección de 18 codos de cadáveres frescos. Se disecaron los músculos que tiene origen en el epicóndilo lateral, con énfasis en las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador y su relación con el origen del ECRB y el ligamento colateral lateral ulnar (LCLU). Resultados: los orígenes de las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador son adyacentes entre sí, pero diferentes, en íntima relación con el origen de ECRB. La cabeza profunda se origina en la base del epicóndilo lateral superior al ecuador del capitellum, anterior al origen del ECRB. La cabeza superficial se origina en la base del epicóndilo lateral de 2 a 4 mm antero inferior al origen del ECRB y en la longitud del LCLU. Conclusiones: la relación anatómica del origen de las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador con el origen del ECRB y el LCUL, permitirían realizar su resección concomitante con la resección del ECRB en el tratamiento de la epicondilitis de manera segura(AU)

Introduction: several procedures are described in the epicondylitis surgical treatment to resect the origin of the carpi radialis brevis extensor. It is still painful for a percent of patients who receive surgical treatment. The compression of the posterior interosseous nerve is a possible cause. Objective: describe the origin of the superficial and deep heads of supinator muscle and the relationship between them and the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor at lateral epicondyle. Methods: dissection of 18 fresh corpses elbows. The muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle were dissected, emphasizing on the superficial and deep heads of supinator and its relation to the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor and the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. Results: the origins of the superficial and deep heads of supinator are adjacent to each other but different, closely related to the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor. Deep head originates at the base from the superior lateral epicondyle to the capitellum Ecuador, before the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor. Head surface originates at the base of lateral epicondyle 2 to 4 mm below the origin of the anterior and carpi radialis brevis extensor and in the length of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. Conclusions: the anatomical relationship of the origin of the superficial and deep heads of supinator to the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor and lateral ulnar collateral ligament would allow for concomitant resection of the carpi radialis brevis extensor safely resection in the treatment of epicondylitis(AU)

Perda total da diáfise da ulna: relato de dois casos tratados / Total loss of the ulna diaphysis: report of two treated cases

Os autores relatam dois casos de perda total da diáfise da ulna, conseqüentemente a osteomielite hematogênica, e mostram como o tratamento cirúrgico adaptado a cada caso pode ser satisfatório, permitindo o retorno da funçäo do membro acometido